![]() Therefore, the committee focused its review on exposure to insecticides in general, to classes of insecticides, and to specific insecticides. The pesticides identified by the US Congress, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Veterans Affairs as potentially being used during the Gulf War were all insecticides except for one insect repellent ( N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide ) (see Appendix D for complete list of insecticides reviewed by the committee). Issues specific to the cancer literature and solvent exposure are discussed in the introduction of Chapter 6. Issues germane to the cancer literature on exposure to insecticides and the decisions made by the committee in reviewing this literature are discussed below. Exposure determination, the role of confounding, and other broad epidemiologic issues considered by epidemiologists and the committee in evaluating the studies are also presented in Chapter 2. When investigating the factor or factors that may contribute to the development of cancer, epidemiologists must address several different issues, including environmental and occupational exposures, past lifetime activities (such as smoking), long latency periods, high fatality rates, and the need for accurate diagnoses all of these issues are discussed in Chapter 2. The order of specific cancer sites reviewed by the committee in Chapters 5 and 6 is based on the ninth revision of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) 1 coding system.Ĭancer Epidemiology and Insecticide LiteratureĬancer is most likely the result of a multifactorial process over a lifetime, so it is difficult to establish definitive causal relationships. Furthermore, for each cancer type reviewed by the committee, an overview of the cancer, its risk factors, and 5-year survival rates, as identified by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the American Cancer Society (ACS), are presented in this chapter as background information. Each chapter also presents a brief overview of the pertinent toxicologic information and findings from other organizations charged with evaluating the carcinogenicity of insecticides or solvents.Ī general introduction to cancer and to cancer epidemiology that applies to both the insecticide and solvent literature is provided here. The issues encountered by the committee during its review of the relevant literature and the criteria it established in drawing conclusions about associations are discussed in the introduction of each chapter. Chapter 5 focuses on the studies that examined cancer outcomes related to insecticide exposure, and Chapter 6 focuses on cancer outcomes related to solvent exposure. Unlike the following health outcome chapters that discuss health effects of insecticides and solvents in the same chapter, the cancer outcomes have been divided into two chapters.
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